After you have enabled ACL in the configfile you need to decide how you like to store user data. Dokuwiki supports various methods and creating a new one is pretty easy.
DokuWiki uses so called authentication backends that provide a certain methods to store user data and passwords. The user won't even see this backend but you as administrator have to set up your desired authentication backend and configure it properly.
These are the backends you get with Dokuwiki:
ldap – authenticate users against a LDAP directory
mysql – access any MySQL database to authenticate users
pgsql – access any Postgres database to authenticate users
plain – the default mechanisms which uses plain text files
punbb – authenticate users against the PunBB forum (uses PunBB's cookies and database)
These Backends aren't part of the distribution, but might be useful:
CAS – authenticate with a CAS server
chainedauth – chain more than one authentication method
htaccessauth – identify users that already logged in using a Basic
HTTP Authorization through .htaccess
radius – authenticate users against a RADIUS server
ntlm – NTLM (i.e. Windows NT-based) authentication
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pam – Experimental PAM authentication
mybb – authentication using the MyBB forum software
imap – authenticate users against a imap/pop3 server
How to implement a new auth backend is described in the HOWTO.